Marketing Analysis Lululemon Athletica Inc. - 1071 Words

Before launching a new product one should thoroughly understand the market demand, competition, existence of similar products, manufacturing distribution costs and market dynamics. Failure to analyze the above will result in total failure of the product and the company that manufacture the product. According to the text book following are the main reasons of product failure :No competitive point of difference, unexpected reactions from competitors, poor positioning, poor quality of product, non-delivery of promised benefits of product, too little marketing support, poor perceived price/quality (value) relationship, faulty estimates of market potential and other marketing research mistakes, faulty estimates of production or marketing†¦show more content†¦These chargers failed often because of overheating. HP should have identified the correct charger for use with their new product before releasing it. Enough testing was not done and quality was compromised. Battery life was also poor. Also it had compatibility issues, meaning that it won’t work with existing iPads, iPods and iPhones. The concept of â€Å"Cloud services† was not that popular among users and people were skeptical about security issues. Chromebook used Google’s Operating system, but Google did not have the infrastructure to support this product. This product did not have any hard drive because it was primarily intended for browsing the web. This reduced the product flexibility and usability. â€Å"EarHero† earphones introduced their product as â€Å"the world’s safest earphones†, but at a very high price. Also the product was defective - instead of blocking outside noise it was allowing outside noise. There was a fundamental design flaw that should been caught during initial testing and inspection. This product failed to deliver what was promised and the price/quality was too high. 4) The four essential skills that are required for a successful sales team, are Customer knowledge, Product knowledge, Effective Communication and Time goal Management. Sales representatives should be up-to date on current market events and changes, to be successful. They should create a database of current customers,Show MoreRelatedThe Global Fitness And Athletic Clothing Stores1637 Words   |  7 Pages I. SITUATION ANALYSIS The global fitness and athletic clothing stores industry generates more than 1.9 billion US dollars per annum (IBISWorld, 2015). Lululemon Athletica provides high quality apparel for the ever-growing global health conscious population (WHO | World Health Statistics 2015, 2016). A SWOT analysis (Appendix 1) illustrates potential and weakness of this hugely successful brand. Furthermore, environmental factors can play a role in the company s operations. Macro EnvironmentalRead MoreMarketing Strategy For Lululemon Athletica Inc.1523 Words   |  7 Pagesexamining Lululemon Athletica Inc., there was more to the critical issues than addressing them. There was also the necessity to go beyond this and provide key alternatives that lululemon should consider in order to tackle these issues. Issues related to marketing, market structure for both consumers and products, quality control/supply chain, and major markets are difficult to change, but our group is confident in the alternatives we have identified and believe they can serve as a tool for Lululemon AthleticaRead MoreLululemon Swot Essay671 Words   |  3 PagesSWOT Analysis Company name: Lululemon Athletica Inc. (NASDAQ:LULU; TSX:LLL) Product: Lululemon Athletica produces yoga-inspired athletic apparel for both women and men. Strengths #1. Innovative Design Process Lululemon offers high-quality premium athletic apparel that is designed for performance, comfort, functionality and style. The innovative design process is attributed to a number of factors such as, real-time customer feedback. Lululemon seeks real-time customer feedback on theRead MoreLululemon Athletica Analytic Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis #1 Problem Essay Lululemon Athletica Inc Samuel Ellison Presented for: Professor Kannangara Sunday, March 6th, 2016 BUSI4003 Introduction Lululemon Athletica Inc., founded in 1998 in Vancouver by Chip Wilson, is a company which designs and produces high-end yoga and technical athletic clothing. They have operated primarily in North America and Australia; their initial target customer was an educated woman who lives an active and healthy lifestyle. They opened their firstRead MoreLululemon2544 Words   |  11 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 CASE ANALYSIS 3 Five-force analysis 3 Competition 4 SWOT analysis 5 Value chain 5 Strategy 7 Financial and operating performance. 8 RECOMMENDATION 10 In term of strategy 10 In terms of management 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Lululemon Athletica Inc., founded by Dennis Chip Wilson,  is a self-described  yoga-inspired athletic apparel company, which produces a clothing line and runs international clothing stores from its companyRead MoreLululemon Case Analysis Essay4336 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ Lululemon Athletica, Inc. Created by: Kelsey Davis GBA 490-901 March 21, 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary To: Laurent Potdiven Chief Executive Officer Lululemon Athletica Inc. This report has been created with the intent to analyze the athletic apparel industry with a specific focus on Lululemon Athletica, Inc., further refered to as Lululemon. In this report you will find that the strengths and weaknesses of Lululemon’s current strategies and future goals areRead MoreLululemon2462 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Lululemon is one of the Canada’s best retailers of technical athletic yoga apparel. Lululemon’s yoga inspired apparel is marketed under the two brand names Lululemon Athletica for more mature women and Ivivva Athletica for younger girls. Lululemon primary target customers are educated and hard working women, who understand the importance of healthy and active lifestyle. Majority of these women are Caucasian who are mainly urban and have higher income, since Lululemon is an expensiveRead MoreLululemon Athletica3424 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Lululemon Athletica Case Study I. Executive Summary Statement of problem and recommend action Lululemon is a rapidly growing company with a different niche for its products. Its philosophy as well as their business model has allowed them to increase revenue over the past years. The dilemma they faced is how to continue expanding without losing their special niche, grassroots and a nontraditional feel of the brand that sets them apart from their competitors. In order to do so, it has beenRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Lululemon Athletica Inc.2930 Words   |  12 PagesExecutive Summary The brand discussed in this report is Lululemon Athletica Inc. The brand is an athletic apparel retailer, whose main objective is building a community with a healthy lifestyle. Lululemon’s target market is middle/upper class 30-year-old woman. The brand is positioned as a premium high fashion brand for the athletic community. Some of Lululemon’s main competitors include Nike, Under Armour and Gap. Some of the key findings were: †¢ Limited global brand awareness due to a lackRead MoreLululemon2613 Words   |  11 PagesCase Analysis Lululemon Athletica Executive Summary lululemon is an athletic apparel company that gears its merchandise towards yoga. Founded in Vancouver, Canada by Chip Wilson in 1998, the company aligns itself with many of the same values that yoga displays: balance, harmony, and culture. As of July 29, 2012, lululemon owns and operates 189 retail store locations all over the world. In 2007, the company’s owners elected to take the company public. Its initial public offering took

Bullying Bullying And Cyber Bullying - 831 Words

One of the major issues in our society is bullying/cyber bullying. Numerous school aged suffer from this problem. Bullying is basically an unwanted behavior among young children, which involves the unexpected variation of strength. This leads into differences among school-aged children, which makes the bullies to have more power to bully other children. The author argues that bullying is now a severe problem which is a blackmail to student s safety (Bullying, 2016). These sounds do not horrify but who ever go through can feel the pain. There are few major causes of bullying, children who are physically challenged, race/religion, and children who have disabilities. They are the main causes that every victim suffers in their life. Firstly, people who are physically challenged to get bullied a lot because they are usually do not feel confident about their body weight and how it is shaped. it is not odd if someone has over weight because some get that in their genes from their parents or some just have a high metabolism. Bullies usually attack those who are not assertive of their own personality. They know, they can get out the feeble and poor side of the person they bully. It is common when the victim stays silent after being abused by bullies. In the survey of 2013, â€Å"federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)† broadcast that 20 percentage of students have been the victim of bullying in Americans high school (â€Å"Bullying†,2016). It feels like no one really takeShow MoreRelatedBullying And The Cyber Bullying Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesIDENTIFICATION PROBLEM STATEMENT BACKGROUND Cyber bullying refers to something when one uses their cell phone, computers or an electronic device to access internet and technology for the purpose of harassment and providing harms to others. Sending inappropriate messages, uploading disturbing images, threatening and posting something without someone’s’ approval are the forms of cyber bullying. The main aim of this research study is to look after the cyber bullying and the possible reasons of occurrenceRead MoreBullying Evolution : Cyber Bullying1870 Words   |  8 Pages Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying 1858 Words 8 Pages At some point during your childhood, you may have encountered that troubled individual, typically known as the â€Å"bully† that drove fear in the hearts of the weakest link by humiliating them, taking what is rightfully theirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet)Read More Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying Essay1869 Words   |  8 Pagestheirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet). Most recently, it took a crime wave of â€Å"cyber bullying† before our media and leaders in the Untied States gave it attention; now that the American people realize that the â€Å"classroom bully† ha s evolved into a more dangerously clever and sinister inflictor of emotionalRead MoreBullying Vs Cyber Bullying Essay2021 Words   |  9 PagesBullying is a major problem that impacts many teens over generations, causing an endless cycle of bullying. With the new age of technology, this leads to new issues that are affecting teens’ lives. One of these issues is that cyberbullying is quickly becoming more common than the traditional playground bullying, as more social media are appealing to teens. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that happens using electronic devices such as phones, laptops, and tablets. This form of bullying includesRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louderà ¢â‚¬  has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreThe Problem of Cyber Bullying1323 Words   |  6 Pages(â€Å"An Old Problem with a New Face†). Since the rapid growth of technology, cyber bullying has become life-threatening for too many teenagers. Now that teenagers have phones and technology almost twenty-four hours a day, they are putting themselves at a greater risk of being cyber bullied. Cyber bullying is different from regular, old-school bullying; cyber bullying is using the internet to ruin the life of other teenagers. â€Å"Cyber bulling is when a teenager is tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliatedRead MoreIs It Serious? Cyber Bullying? Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Cyberbulling is Very Serious Cyber bullying by definition is the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. This occurs mainly among young people ages between 13- 18. Base on my research I found out in the past decade, there have been multiple cyberbullying cases that ended with the victims taking their own lives. I believe there is more we can do to help with this issue. There is information out there that isRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not b e tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreThe Issues Of Cyber Bullying946 Words   |  4 Pages Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 â€Æ' Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parentsRead More Cyber Bullying Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesHalligan kill[ed] himself after months of harassment, including instant messages calling him gay† (Billitteri.) Cyber bullying is much more dangerous than traditional bullying, and should be punished with much stricter guide lines, not just within schools but within criminal courts as well. Traditional bullying was done on school grounds, at the bus stop, or walking home, but today cyber bullies leave teens vulnerable to the abuse with no place to seek refuge. â€Å"Its a non-stop type of harassment

The Life and Needs of an Elderly Free Essays

The subject of this study is Evgenia. She is an 86 year-old woman living in one of the Jewish Federation Apartments in New York. She is not a native of America. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life and Needs of an Elderly or any similar topic only for you Order Now She came from Ukraine 16 years ago and she also lived in Israel for two years. Evgenia speaks and writes very little English but she is able to communicate whenever she has to. She spent twenty-six happy years of her life with her husband. Unfortunately, he died of stroke at the age of 48. Though she was still young then, she never remarried. After all, her kids were always there for her and her grandkids always kept her occupied. She said that her family was indeed very supportive of her, even up to now. Evgenia has a daughter and a granddaughter who live here in America. She also has a son in Ukraine. She said that her daughter comes to visit her apartment once every week. When she does, she helps her with shopping. At times, her daughter also drives her to dry cleaners and to her doctor’s appointments. She also helps Evgenia find the stuff that she can’t find. Evgenia needs some help at times with organizing her things because she is completely blind. Evgenia became totally blind as a result of her Glaucoma. She was only 36 when she was diagnosed with the condition. To slow down the effects of the condition, she tried various forms of treatment for ten years. However, her condition did not improve. When not one of her treatment plans seemed to work, she decided to undergo a surgery. In 1975, she had an eye surgery in Ukraine but to her dismay, the procedure only made her condition worse. She first lost her vision on the left eye. Overtime, she could no longer see with any of her eyes. When she was 78, Evgenia learned that she has also developed Parkinson’s disease. However, she takes medication for her condition and noted that â€Å"It’s in control†. Evgenia also has Hernia but she explained that the condition hasn’t bothered her yet. Although most people who have Evgenia’s conditions are bed ridden and dependent on aides, this adorable lady isn’t. In fact, Evgenia is very independent. She wants to do things on her own and she doesn’t like it when someone helps her. She walks by herself, makes her bed, and bathes and dresses by herself. She even cooks on her own. Her condition doesn’t hinder her from reading for Evgenia knows brail. She reads a lot and on top of it, she also listens to books and tapes and answers crossword puzzles. She also knits a lot. She knits blankets, gloves, socks, hats, and more. To know where and which colors she will use for her knitting, she keeps her knitting basket in order. She gets by with her daily living tasks because she always keeps her stuff set up in a certain way that she knows where things are and what they are. Evgenia still has a very good memory that she can rely on. Elderly Care Set-up I. The need to move There are a variety of reasons why the elderly has to move away from his family. However, the most common reason is that the relatives are really incapable of caring for their elderly. Sadly, many people see the elderly as a burden. For Evgenia however, the case is quite different. Before she was admitted in the Jewish Federation Apartments, Evgenia lived with her daughter. Her family, as stated previously, was very supportive of her. The problem was that she was not comfortable with the place. Although she liked being around her family, she felt that she needed to be more independent. She noted that her daughter’s house was quite small. She described it as a â€Å"two-storey home with too many steps†, which is not favorable for someone who already had a hip replacement surgery like her. The place also didn’t have a home phone. Since the home was generally not conducive for the life of an elderly, she often hesitated – and even felt afraid – to be alone in the house. What made things worse was that she had no privacy because she had to sleep in the same room with her granddaughter. As such, Evgenia then told her family that she wanted to live on her own. Luckily, her daughter said that it was alright for she knew well how independent her mother was. II. Independent living and the patient’s experience Evgenia has been attending an adult day care, â€Å"Guilt Care†, even before she was living in the Jewish Federation Apartments. She goes to the day care at least five times every week. At the day care, she finds lots of things that she could do. Technically, it serves as a place for socialization and education. There, she knits and lets people read crossword puzzles to her. She also listens to concerts and nurses’ lectures on how the elderly can take care of themselves. She meets with a dietician once a week as well. When she decided to live on her own, she spoke with the social worker from the day care and asked for help. She was then referred to the Jewish Federation Apartments. This residence is open to the elderly, aged 62 years old or older. To be a tenant, Evgenia had to complete an application, furnish the requirements, and then have her request stamped and placed on the waiting list. At that time, she didn’t have Medicaid/Medicare and SSI. However, with the help of the social worker, she was able to get the insurance and the SSI qualifications. After a year and a half being on the waiting list, she finally got an apartment of her own. Now, Evgenia has been living in the apartment for a decade. She said that she is very happy there. Living in independent living community has some built-in benefits. The first of which was the fact that there are many seniors with whom Evgenia can socialize with. The second was that the features of the apartments were specifically designed to fit the security, comfort, and safety needs of the elderly. What Evgenia liked more about the Apartments was that it has a huge community room where different kinds of activities are initiated – from daily exercises to parties. Evgenia loves to play Bingo on Thursdays. Since the Jewish Federation Apartments is an independent living community, the place does not have a 24/7 medical support service, nor does it provide regular custodial care for the clients. The place is just exactly what Evgenia wants. Since she can take care of herself, she only requires her nurse aid to come only twice a week for four hours plus 15 minutes every morning on weekdays. Her daughter also visits her. III. The care an elderly needs a. Caring for the patient with glaucoma Evgenia’s total blindness was the result of her glaucoma. Treatment against Glaucoma can prevent visual loss, but that only happens if the condition is just at its very early phase. Although Evgenia had undergone treatment, perhaps she only did when her condition was already at an advanced state. Unfortunately, the damage caused by this condition cannot be reversed. In general, people with glaucoma may experience depression and anxiety. The loss of vision can render many people helpless and that is why they may need to have a companion always. In the case of Evgenia however, she was able to overcome her impairment. Since she’s smart, she learned brail so she can continue to read. Her sharp memory and her â€Å"orderliness† with her things also compensated for the sense of sight that she lost. While most people who are blind need utmost care and help, Evgenia doesn’t. What she needs is some encouragement which she can gain from meeting and talking to other seniors who also have glaucoma. Apart from that, her relatives and nursing aid can also help her with some household tasks. b. Caring for a patient with Parkinson’s disease Although Evgenia said that her condition is â€Å"in control†, it must be noted that Parkinson’s disease is chronic and progressive. So this means that it will persist over time and its symptoms will also grow worse. To understand her case and her health and physical care needs, below is a list of the symptoms that people with Parkinson’s disease can experience (From MayoClinic.com). How to cite The Life and Needs of an Elderly, Essays

Petrophysics free essay sample

Abstract The South Tapti gas field, located in the Arabian Sea off the western coast of India, has been on production for the last three years. Drill Stem Tests (DST) conducted in five zones in the first appraisal well showed high sand production in all the tests at drawdowns as low as 20 psi. Due to the unconsolidated nature of the reservoir sand, it was decided to gravel pack all future wells. Initially, the High Rate Water Pack (HRWP) technique was used on 13 completions including some stack and selective completions. Due to a change in the drilling fluid to an oil based mud (OBM) system and the higher damage associated with the it, it was later decided to switch the gravel packing technique to ‘Frac and Pack’. This involved creation of a small frac to bypass the near wellbore damage using a gel-based fluid, followed by gravel placement using the HRWP. The Frac Pack technique was tried on 10 completions. Extensive production and pressure data collected on the above completions show that the ‘Frac Pack’ technique has led to a decrease in the mechanical skin by almost 70 %. More importantly, it has also been responsible for decreasing the Rate Dependent Skin Coefficient, D, by 50 %, which has a greater impact on the well productivity since these wells are produced at average rates of 25 MMSCFD. This paper describes the gravel packing techniques used in the South Tapti gas field, their evolution and the results achieved. Inroduction The South Tapti field, located off the Western coast of India, is represented by a series of alternating sand and shale sequences. The upper reservoir intervals are dominated by tidal-bar and channel sands deposited in a deltaic environment while the lower sands represent incised valley deposits consisting largely of alluvial/fluvial channels, tidal bars and tidal creeks. The exploratory wells drilled in the field indicated strong sand production tendencies due to the unconsolidated nature of the reservoir rock. This was corroborated by extensive testing of the first development well when all the five zones tested produced sand even under extremely low pressure drawdown conditions. The completion policy for the field focused on preventing sand ingress while minimizing the near well-bore damage inherent in any sand control application. The early development wells were gravel packed using the high rate water pack (HRWP) technique. These initial completions were highly successful in preventing sand production but also induced significant damage in the process. The problem was accentuated when the drilling mud system was changed to an oil base system in an attempt to offset recurrent drilling problems arising out of unconsolidated sandstone and presence of reactive clays. This called for a change in completion philosophy in order to ensure that the wells retain high productivity with effective sand control. Geologic and Reservoir Characterization The South Tapti field is localized by a broad SW-NE trending, doubly plunging anticline. The field has up to 13 different Oligo-Miocene gas bearing sands, separated by shales. The reservoir sands were deposited in both incised valley and deltaic settings. Reservoir sands within incised valleys consist of alluvial/fluvial channels, tide-influenced channels and tidal bars. The channel sands typically are the cleaner sands with excellent porosity permeability and up to 20 m thick, whereas the tide-influenced channels and tidal bars are shalier, with more modest porosity and permeability. CLAY MINERALS 1. Abstract: Tapti Basin in Surat Depression, Bombay Offshore is characterized by entirely siliciclastic succession. The cores and cutting samples, and wireline logs provide important information about the stratigraphy, basin fill, mineralogy, source and reservoir rock characteristics. Well under study is located in South Tapti sub-basin and contains gas-bearing sandstone within Mahim Formation of Late Oligocene age. The cuttings and cores have been megascopically examined and with the aid of electrical log data, the litholog of the well is prepared. The study involves XRD and major element analysis of selected samples. The XRD and digital log data from Natural Gamma Sepctrometry (NGS) log indicate that montmorillonite is the major clay mineral present in the upper part of the succession, whereas kaolinite present in the lower part (1868 m MD to 2427 m MD). Kaolinite is apparently formed by early stages of burial diagenesis, whereas montmorillonite is a weathering product of the Deccan Basalt. Interpretative lithology from the well log response shows that reservoir sandstones have developed within the depth interval of 1865m TVD to 1945 m TVD within dominantly shale lithology. Reservoir sandstones are semiconsolidated, medium to coarse grained and moderately well sorted. Quartz is the dominant detrital component in all the sandstones. Pay sands are quartz arenite whereas non-pay sands are quartz wacke with varying amount of clay matrix. Kaolinite in the reservoir section reduces the permeability of quartz wacke, but enhancing porosity in microlevel. Carbonate, siderite and iron oxide are main cementing material. Major element data showing that clastic sediments were delivered to the basin possibly by the Proto Tapti river but they may be having dual source of origin. The discriminant functions of Meyer and Nederlof, 1984 has indicated that the studied formations do not have source rock potential. Key words: Tapti Basin, Bombay Offshore, hydrocarbons, provenance and clay minerals. quartz wacke, but enhancing porosity in microlevel. Carbonate, siderite and iron oxide are main cementing material. Major element data showing that clastic sediments were delivered to the basin possibly by the Proto Tapti river but they may be having dual source of origin. The discriminant functions of Meyer and Nederlof, 1984 has indicated that the studied formations do not have source rock potential.

Factor affecting photosynthesis free essay sample

Low light intensity lowers the rate of photosynthesis. As the intensity is increased the rate also increases. However, after reaching an intensity of 10,000 lux (lux is the unit for measuring light intensity) there is no effect on the rate. Very high intensity may, in fact, slow down the rate as it bleaches the chlorophyll. Normal sunlight (usually with an intensity of about 100,000 lux) is quite sufficient for a normal rate of photosynthesis. Open and Closed Stomata Sub Topics 1. Carbon Dioxide Concentration 2. Temperature 3. Chlorophyll Concentration 4. Water 5. Pollution. Application 7. Compensation Point Carbon Dioxide Concentration Back to Top In the atmosphere, the concentration of carbon dioxide ranges from . 03 to . 04 %. However, it is found that 0. 1% of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases the rate of photosynthesis significantly. This is achieved in the greenhouses which are enclosed chambers where plants are grown under controlled conditions. The concentration is increased by installing gas burners which liberate carbon dioxide as the gas burns. We will write a custom essay sample on Factor affecting photosynthesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Crops like tomatoes, lettuce are successfully grown in the greenhouses. These greenhouse crops are found to be bigger and better-yielding than their counterparts growing in natural conditions. The following graph shows how different concentrations affect the rate of photosynthesis. Light Intensity Temperature Back to Top An optimum temperature ranging from 25oC to 35oC is required for a good rate. At temperatures around 0oC the enzymes stop working and at very high temperatures the enzymes are denatured. Since both the stages of photosynthesis require enzyme activity, the temperature has an affect on the rate of photosynthesis. Graph Showing Effect of Temperature on Rate of Photosynthesis Chlorophyll Concentration Back to Top The concentration of chlorophyll affects the rate of reaction as they absorb the light energy without which the reactions cannot proceed. Lack of chlorophyll or deficiency of chlorophyll results in chlorosis or yellowing of leaves. It can occur due to disease, mineral deficiency or the natural process of aging (senescence). Lack of iron, magnesium, nitrogen and light affect the formation of chlorophyll and thereby causes chlorosis. Water Back to Top Water is an essential factor in photosynthesis. The effect of water can be understood by studying the yield of crops which is the direct result of photosynthetic activity. It is found that even slight deficiency of water results in significant reduction in the crop yield. The lack of water not only limits the amount of water but also the quantity of carbon dioxide. This is because in response to drying the leaves close their stomata in order to conserve water being lost as water vapour through them. Pollution Back to Top Pollution of the atmosphere with industrial gases has been found to result in as much as 15% loss. Soot can block stomata and reduce the transparency of the leaves. Some of the other pollutants are ozone and sulphur dioxide. In fact, lichens are very sensitive to sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere. Pollution of water affects the hydrophytes. The capacity of water to dissolve gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen is greatly affected. Application Back to Top Study of photosynthesis and the factors affecting it helps us understand the most important biochemical life sustaining processes. All plants and animals are dependent on the sun for energy. This energy is made available to them by the process of photosynthesis. Man, like other animals, is dependent on the plants for his food. Scientists are constantly working towards developing new varieties of crops which give better yield of crops. With the population explosion and resulting pressure on land resources, the percentage of land available for cultivation is reducing at an alarming rate. This means that in the restricted space, the crops have to yield more. All this has been possible so far with the understanding of the photosynthesis. Greenhouse plants and crops in unfriendly freezing conditions have been possible due to the study of the factors affecting photosynthesis. Studies have shown that there are a group of plants called the C4 plants which are more efficient in harnessing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Since the atmospheric level of the gas is only 0. 3 to 0. 4% and maximum crop yield is reported at 1% level, these plants are ideal for cultivation as they can draw maximum carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, greatly increasing the yield. One of the areas of current focus is the better understanding of the mechanism of C4 plants. Compensation Point Back to Top The rate of photosynthesis is not constant throughout the day. Its rate is affected by the intensity of light. The actual requirement of the light intensity for maximum photosynthesis in a plant depends on the type of plant and also on its habitat. Generally, average sunlight intensity is sufficient for photosynthesis except on rainy or cloudy days. The rate of photosynthesis increases with increasing intensity of light and decreases with decreasing intensity of light. During early morning or late evenings when the rate of photosynthesis becomes equal to the rate of respiration, there will not be any net exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) between the plant and the surrounding environment. The light intensity, at which the photosynthetic intake of carbon dioxide is equal to the respiratory output of carbon dioxide is called the compensation point. Introduction In this course work, I will be discussing how the concentration of carbon dioxide affects the rate of photosynthesis. To find this out I will do an experiment to find out how much oxygen a piece of Elodea (Canadian pondweed) produces over a set period under controlled supervision. Back Ground Knowledge All plants photosynthesise, They do this in order to create their own food by converting sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, which is a by-product (6Co + 6H O a C H O + 6O ) Plants have a part in their cell called chloroplast which contain chlorophyll the diagram below explains: [IMAGE] What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis? Although the diagram shows you what you need for photosynthesis it does not tell you what the limiting factors are. The limiting factors in photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, light and chlorophyll. This is because up to a point the more of each factor that is available to the plant will result in an increase in the photosynthesizing rate. Why did I use pondweed? I used pondweed so I could measure the amount of oxygen it produced accurately. I can do this by catching the oxygen bubbles under water, because of this choosing an aquatic plant was the best choice. I will use 5cm of elodea because it is a big enough piece to get a measurable result. I will know how quickly the elodea has photosynthesised by taking readings of how much solution was left in the burette after 24 hours and again after 48 hours. Why use the sodium bicarbonate? I used sodium bicarbonate solution in the experiment because it reacts with water to make carbon dioxide, which meant I could control the amount of carbon dioxide available to the pondweed. However, because of the time limitations I got my results by sharing the class results, this meant that I had to use the following concentrations of sodium bicarbonate: 0% 1. 25% 0. 5% 1% 5%. I used these percentages so that I had a good range of percentages but this didn’t give very good results because I made a big jump from 1% to 5%. If I did the experiment, again I would use these percentages: 0% 0. 5% 1% 2% 3% 4%and 5% so that it had a steady increase. How will I control the variables other than the Co concentration? To control the other variables (water, light and chlorophyll). I will be using a set amount of water, I will be using the same lamps at the same voltage and I will be using a set amount of pondweed so that the amount of chlorophyll level should be the same. They will all have the same window letting in natural light and the temperature will be the same because they are in the same room. Plan I plan to set up an experiment using pondweed to see how much oxygen is produced over 24 hours and 48 hours. I will then put my results in tables and graphs to help me answer my main question. Preliminary In my preliminary experiment, I tested the concentrations I had chosen to check that the Elodea photosynthesised. I used a plastic funnel and a ray box, after using these in the preliminary I decided to replace them with a glass funnel that was transparent so that more light could get through. I also decided that a ray box was not giving out enough light because the elodea was not photosynthesising well and so I decided to change it to a desk lamp to give it a more directed and stronger light source. Here is a diagram of my preliminary experiment:- Here is a diagram of the experiment I used to get my results:- Method: 1. set up the equipment in the apparatus list as the diagram above. 2. Record the volume of solution at the start of the experiment 3. turn the light source on 4. record the volume of solution after 24 hours of the first recorded volume 5. Record the volume of solution after 24 hours of the second recorded volume Accuracy To make my results accurate I will be measuring the water level from the bottom of the meniscus. I will do this by taking the results with my eyes level to the bottom of the meniscus. I will repeat the experiment twice so that including the average I have three sets of results, which I will then plot on a graph. If the results do not turn out how I am expecting I will look back at my work to check any problems I may have had. I will be leaving my elodea for 2 days and taking readings after 24 hours and 48 hours. This is because it will give it a reasonable amount of time to photosynthesise. I will find out how much oxygen the plant has produced over that time by taking my original reading for O in the burette and deducting my readings at 24h and again at 48h. Prediction What do I expect to happen? I expect that as the sodium bicarbonate concentration increases that the rate of photosynthesis will increase until it hits its maximum rate of photosynthesis. I can tell this because as the sodium bicarbonate reacts with the water it will produce carbon dioxide, which will increase the rate of photosynthesis.

Reflection paper Essay Example

Reflection paper Essay Example Reflection paper Essay Reflection paper Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Reflection paper After learning about global awareness, I have come to appreciate the sense of vision. The eyesight is a fundamental sense in our bodies. It enables us do everything. Without sight, most of the things would be difficult to do and some would be impossible. For example, it would not be possible to drive or fly an aircraft. When I watch the blind people, I notice they always struggle to do some activities. For example, when they are reading, they have to use special books. Many books are written and printed normally. However, blind students find it almost impossible to find resources that are printed in Braille as these are quite inaccessible. Vision should not be taken for granted and it is not guaranteed. Those with sight should take care of their eyes and sight. They should eat healthy foods rich in nutrients for eyes and sight. It is our responsibility to help blind people in the society. We could help by donating fundamental facilities for them in their learning institutions. It is also important to help them in any other possible way. For example, helping them to walk across the road or anything else they need. Blind people are part of the society and they should not be set apart from other members of the community. When carrying out the vision experiment, I noticed a few things. Immediately I was blindfolded, I felt confused fro the first few moments. Seeing darkness made me feel uneasy and completely different. It made me realize light is also an important element of sight and it enables us to see clearly. Regardless of having vision, it is not possible to see without light. Lack of sight triggers sad or other negative emotions. When I was blindfolded, I felt sad since I was incapable of doing my usual activities. Sometimes blind people feel disappointed by the community’s attitude towards them. They argue that people see them as inferior since they are disabled. Other individuals offer them mere pity as opposed to opportunities for which they are capable. Individuals and the society have effect to the rest of the world. This mostly applies to people with disabilities. A good number of them feel alienated because of various reasons. For instance, there are inadequate public facilities for them. The society has the duty to accept them and assist them in every possible way. For example, organizing charity would help in supporting the welfare of the disabled. A society is a small unit globally and it can influence other societies in the world. Creating awareness ensures all the communities on a global scale are conversant with the issues. Disabled people have a role in our society and they are not given enough attention. Some of them have great potential in many areas but they cannot exploit them. This happens because there are barriers. In many countries, there is a perception that disabled people are not capable. It is rare to get a leader with any major disability like vision. It becomes depressing for them since they feel the urge to exploit their potential (Powell, 89) . It is encouraging to see how the society and the world at large have supported disabled people. There are a good number of learning institutions in many countries. They help these people to become independent and fit in the community. For instance, Occasionally, Paralympics take place. Disable people from all over the world have a chance of participating. This is another way of how the society is effective globally. Diverse people meet and interact with each other. It is a good feeling when these people meet and share experiences. Such sports support disabled people financially. The participants are compensated attractively and this uplifts their living standards. Societies and communities should continue to support disabled people because they are part of the community. Some of them are relatives and close friends. We cannot just ignore them and watch them suffer.

Book summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book summary - Essay Example Mercator projections typically hanged on pentagon offices and classroom walls usually place the US in the middle where it is separated from Europe to its East by the big Atlantic Ocean and from Asia by to its West by the Pacific Ocean. Our preference for the perspective reflects a particular national egocentrism and has for a bigger part of the past two centuries made a recommendable deal of a strategic sense (Kaplan, 154). Through a big part of the 19th century, oceanic moats made possible the era of free security as a historian by the name C. Van Woodward called it. United States then projected much of its power primarily towards East Asia and Europe as it stepped on the World stage and grew stronger. In the 20th century, America would wage wars, cold and hot, aiming to protect vital regions against the dominion of hostile forces. Their earlier purposes, notwithstanding, the ancient maps are no longer meaningful having outlived their usefulness. After the cold war had come to an end, with much intensity and speed since 9/11, focus shifted towards South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East and towards the western Pacific waters. Robert D. Kaplan in monsoon argues that fresh ways of viewing the World are needed. This is needed mostly in seeing those parts that are integral elements despite being split by old projections (Kaplan, 165). Kaplan’s goal was providing his fellow countrymen with a similar map centered the Greater Indian Ocean, the region that stretched eastward right from the Horn of Africa going past the Arabian Peninsula, Iranian plateau as well as the Indian subcontinent going all the way to Indonesian archipelago and even beyond. He was glad that the monsoon winds shifted direction regularly at six month intervals, making connecting of the far-flung shores by waters to be readily navigable even when there were primitive sailing vessels. The greater Indian Ocean was initially linked by Muslim merchants, later Portugal